Method for Determining Hazard Detection Proficiency and Rating Insurance Products Based on Proficiency

ABSTRACT

A method for determining an insurance premium based at least in part of a vehicle driver&#39;s proficiency at detecting hazards, having steps including: visually presenting at least one driving module that comprises at least one hazard; recording where within the visual presentation the driver looks to detect hazards during the visual presentation; determining the driver&#39;s hazard detection proficiency by evaluating whether the driver looked at hazards during the visual presentation; and calculating an insurance premium based at least in part on the driver&#39;s hazard detection proficiency.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/413,554 filed Mar. 6, 2012. The contents of which is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods fortraining novice drivers to detect and recognize driving hazards and forrating an insurance product. These training and rating systems andmethods may utilize online training simulations to help novice driversdevelop skills needed to detect and recognize driving hazards in thesafe environment of a computer simulation rather than real worldcircumstances where errors in judgment may result in automobile crashes.Based on completion of an online training simulation and/or drivercompetence in online training simulations, an insurance product may berated and/or a discount may be applied to an insurance premium.

BACKGROUND

Automobile crashes are the leading cause of death among novice teendrivers. In their first six months of licensure, teen drivers are up tosix times more likely to be involved in fatal crashes than moreexperienced drivers (over 25 years of age). Insurance premium costs fornovice teen drivers reflect this increased risk and crash propensity.Studies by McKnight and McKnight concluded that failures to recognizehazards in the driving environment contributed to approximately 43% ofcrashes involving this teen driver segment. Studies have also concludedthat novice drivers lack the driving experience and the resultantdriving behaviors and attitudes that support them. In many states, fulllicensure is delayed through graduated licensing strategies to minimizethe exposure of young drivers to the highest risk periods. The problemthen, is how to expose novice teen drivers to the kinds of experiencesthat will allow them to develop those safe driving schema from whichthey can then learn to recognize hazards and related dangerous drivingconditions without exposing them to actual high risk driving conditions.

Fisher, Pradhan, Pollatsek, et al. concluded that a PC-based trainingapplication called Risk Awareness and Perception Training (“RAPT”) aimedat novice teen drivers could be effective in improving the hazarddetection skills of novice drivers. The RAPT program was created basedon an analysis of police crash reports that indicate new drivers tend tolack three basic skills necessary to avoid crashes: hazard anticipation,attention maintenance and hazard avoidance. Hazard anticipation has todo with knowing where to look for dangers; attention maintenance withconcentrating on the road ahead, and hazard avoidance with specialdriving techniques such as skid control. The RAPT program focused onanticipating dangers. The RAPT program used a personal computer to trainnovice drivers and a driving simulator to test their hazard recognitionskills. On the personal computer, the RAPT program required the novicedriver to indicate where the novice driver was looking as the virtualcar drove through a hazard module. The hazard module was presented as aseries of still photographs that exposed the novice driver to aparticular simulated hazard. In one version of the program, the novicedriver was shown aerial views of situations and then asked to dragyellow ovals and red circles to the appropriate spots to show where thedanger might arise and how to adjust to it. In another version of theprogram, each still photograph remained on the screen for about 3seconds and the novice driver used a computer mouse to click on thepotential hazards shown in the photographs. In another version of theRAPT program, a series of 16 driving scenarios or hazard modules taughtnovice drivers to be alert to situations that demand extra caution. Thescenarios or hazard modules “drove” through each situation, presentedvia a series of still photographs, while the novice driver clicked onpotential hazards visible in the photographs. The program then detailedsafe and unsafe responses. A narrator described the driving choices asthe virtual car moved through the photographs.

A driving simulator was then used to test whether the novice driversimproved their abilities to detect and identify hazards. In the RAPTtesting simulator, the driver operated the simulator vehicle an actualSaturn sedan as if it was on the road. A simulated road ahead wasdisplayed on three screens, one in front and one on each side of thecar. As the driver turned the wheel, braked or accelerated, the roadwayvisible to the driver changed appropriately. The system also providedrealistic road, wind and vehicle noises. To test how much the new driverhad learned from the RAPT training program, the RAPT testing simulatorrecreated the sensations of actually driving on the road. The driveroperated the controls of a Saturn sedan while the road and varioussituations scrolled by on three surrounding screens. Subjects were alsotested on the road with the help of devices that tracked the movementsof their eyes as they scanned their surroundings.

Versions of the RAPT program have been made available on the Internet.However, RAPT3 failed to catch on with novice teen drivers or withdriving education instructors and as a result, few people outside ofacademia have ever heard of, or benefited from the RAPT3 training

Driving simulator-based training has shown to be potentially effective.While the cost of driving simulators continues to drop, few people haveaccess to driving simulators that have been established for trainingpurposes, and the cost of these is still relatively high. Most drivingsimulators today are maintained by academic institutions primarily forresearch purposes. Maintaining driving simulators for training purposesis still cost-prohibitive even for driving schools.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

While most people do not have access to a driving simulator, most teenshave access to a web-connected personal computer. Road Aware™ is aweb-based hazard perception training program that provides a drivingsimulator-like experience aimed at teaching novice drivers how torecognize and identify hazards. The graphical user interface may usestate-of-the-art 3D simulation technology to create a web-streamed videogame-like driving experience to engage and hold the interest of teendrivers. By narrowly focusing the training on hazard detection andrecognition and not on the psychomotor skills of driving, Road Awareavoids developing overconfidence among young drivers, which can be anunintended consequence of some simulation training systems.

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method fortraining vehicle drivers to detect hazards, the method comprising:visually presenting to a driver a continuous drive through a drivingenvironment comprised of at least two hazard modules, wherein eachhazard module presents at least one driving scenario that comprises atleast one hazard; recording where within the visual presentation thedriver looks to detect hazards during the visual presentation of thecontinuous drive; and determining the driver's hazard detectionproficiency by evaluating whether the driver looked at hazards duringthe visual presentation of the continuous drive.

A further aspect of the invention provides a method for determining aninsurance premium based at least in part of a vehicle driver'sproficiency at detecting hazards, the method comprising: visuallypresenting at least one driving module that comprises at least onehazard; recording where within the visual presentation the driver looksto detect hazards during the visual presentation; determining thedriver's hazard detection proficiency by evaluating whether the driverlooked at hazards during the visual presentation; and calculating aninsurance premium based at least in part on the driver's hazarddetection proficiency.

Still another aspect of the invention provides a system for determiningvehicle driver hazard detection proficiency and calculating insurancediscounts, the system comprising: an Internet device that presents to anInternet user a visual presentation of a continuous drive through adriving environment comprising at least two hazard modules, wherein eachhazard module presents to the Internet user at least one drivingscenario that comprises at least one hazard; an Internet device thatrecords user viewing locations within the visual presentation, the userviewing locations corresponding to locations within the visualpresentation that are viewed by the user during the visual presentationof the continuous drive; a computer analytics device comprising analgorithm that compares the recorded user viewing locations with definedlocations of hazards within the visual presentation of the continuousdrive, and determines a hazard detection proficiency of the user basedat least on the comparison; a computer memory device comprising at leastone minimum hazard detection proficiency criteria corresponding to aninsurance discount; and a computer analytics device that compares thedetermined hazard detection proficiency of the user with the minimumhazard detection proficiency criteria and determines whether to awardthe insurance discount to the user.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the present embodiments and advantagesthereof may be acquired by referring to the following description takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumbers indicate like features.

FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate a driving hazard module wherein an other vehicleis backing out of a driveway in front of the vehicle of a novice driver,wherein FIG. 1A shows the other vehicle parked with brake lightsilluminated and FIG. 1B shows the novice driver's vehicle advanced downthe street and the other vehicle starting to move down the driveway.

FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate a driving hazard module wherein another vehicleis backing out of a driveway in front of the vehicle of a novice driverand cars are parked at the side of the road to obstruct the novicedriver's view of the other vehicle. FIG. 2A shows the other vehicleparked with brake lights illuminated as the novice driver's vehicleadvances from a distance.

FIG. 2B shows the novice driver's vehicle advanced down the street andthe other vehicle starting to move down the driveway. FIG. 2C shows abird's eye view of the vehicles shown in FIG. 2B.

FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate a driving hazard module wherein another vehicleenters the traffic lane in front of the novice driver's advancingvehicle from a position parked at the right-side curb. FIG. 3A shows theother vehicle parked at the right-side curb as the novice driver'svehicle advances from a distance. FIG. 3B shows the novice driver'svehicle advanced down the street toward the other vehicle. FIG. 3C showsthe other vehicle's brake lights illuminated as the novice driver getseven closer. FIG. 3D shows the other vehicle pulling into the trafficlane in front of the novice driver's vehicle.

FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate a driving hazard module similar to thatillustrated in FIGS. 3A-3D, except that the other vehicle is parked atthe right-side curb between two more vehicles, which partially block thenovice driver's view of the other vehicle. FIG. 4A shows three vehiclesparked at the right-side curb as the novice driver's vehicle advancesfrom a distance. FIG. 4B shows the novice driver's vehicle advanced downthe street toward the other vehicle as the other vehicle's brake lightsare illuminated and the other vehicle begins to move away from the curb.

FIG. 5 illustrates a driving hazard module wherein a pedestrian iswalking down the right-side sidewalk as the novice driver's vehicleapproaches.

FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate a driving hazard module wherein a pedestrian isstanding near a stop sign at an intersection as the novice driver'svehicle approaches the intersection. FIG. 6A shows the pedestrianstanding near the stop sign at the right-side curb. FIG. 6B shows thenovice driver's vehicle advanced down the street toward theintersection. FIG. 6C shows the novice driver's vehicle advanced downthe street toward the intersection even closer to the pedestrian. FIG.6D shows the novice driver's vehicle advanced stopped at theintersection, next to the pedestrian.

FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate a driving hazard module wherein another vehicleopens a car door into a lane of traffic from a position parked at thecurb. FIG. 7A shows the other vehicle parallel-parked at the right-sidecurb between two other vehicles as the novice driver's vehicle advancesdown the street. FIG. 7B shows the novice driver's vehicle advancedfurther down the street as the other vehicles' door is opened.

FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate a driving hazard module wherein pedestriancrosses at an intersection. FIG. 8A shows the pedestrian at theright-side curb near a stop sign as the novice driver's vehicle advancesdown the street. FIG. 8B shows the novice driver's vehicle advancedfurther down the street as the pedestrian is crossing the street at theintersection.

FIGS. 9A-9G illustrate a driving hazard module wherein several carsarrive at a 4-way stop simultaneously. FIG. 9A shows a novice driver'svehicle advancing down the street toward a 4-way intersection. FIG. 9Bshows the novice driver's vehicle advanced further down the street. FIG.9C shows the novice driver's vehicle stopped at the intersection,another vehicle stopped at the left stop sign and a further vehiclestopped at the right stop sign. FIG. 9D shows the novice driver'svehicle stopped at the intersection, the other vehicle remains stoppedat the left stop sign and the further vehicle that had been stopped atthe right stop sign is crossing the intersection. FIG. 9E shows thenovice driver's vehicle stopped at the intersection, the other vehiclethat had been stopped at the left stop sign is crossing the intersectionand the further vehicle that had been stopped at the right stop sign hascrossed the intersection. FIG. 9F shows the novice driver's vehiclestopped at the intersection, the other vehicle that had been stopped atthe left stop sign has crossed the intersection. FIG. 9G shows thenovice driver's vehicle crossing the intersection.

FIG. 10 illustrates a driving hazard module wherein a novice driver istrying to turn right from a position stopped at a stop sign onto atwo-lane street busy with traffic.

FIGS. 11A-11E illustrate a driving hazard module wherein a novice driveris faced with a ball and pedestrian. FIG. 11A shows a bird's eye view ofa novice driver's vehicle advancing down a two-way street with severalvehicles parallel-parked at the curbs on both sides. FIG. 11B shows adriver's view of same seen as FIG. 11A, wherein a pedestrian ispartially visible to the novice driver. FIG. 11C shows the pedestrianbeing partially visible to the novice driver and a ball rolling into thestreet from where the pedestrian is standing. FIG. 11D shows the novicevehicle stopped adjacent the pedestrian as the ball continues to rollacross the street. FIG. 11E shows the novice vehicle stopped adjacentthe pedestrian as the pedestrian advances toward the street.

FIGS. 12A-12F illustrate a driving hazard module involving a 4-wayintersection with only two stop signs, such that cross-traffic does notstop. FIG. 12A shows a novice driver's vehicle advancing down a two-waystreet, which does not have a stop sign at an intersection, as anothervehicle approaches from the opposite direction on the same street and afurther vehicle approaches the stop sign at the right side of theintersection. FIG. 12B shows the car from the opposite direction turningin front of the novice driver's vehicle as the car at the right stops atthe stop sign. FIG. 12C shows car from the opposite direction in theintersection directly in front the novice driver and the car at theright is stopped at the stop sign. FIG. 12D shows the car at the rightstop sign beginning to turn right into the novice driver's lane in frontof the novice driver's vehicle. FIG. 12E shows the novice driver'svehicle stopped at the intersection as the car from the right continuesto turn right through the intersection. FIG. 12F shows the novicedriver's vehicle crossing the intersection behind the car that hadturned from the right.

FIG. 13A is an example of a home page for a web site through which anovice driver would be invited to start a practice driver or review pastdrives.

FIG. 13B is an example of a drive page for a web site through which anovice driver would be invited to review practice drives or select adrive.

FIG. 13C is an example of a drive page for a web site through which anovice driver would be invited to review practice drives.

FIGS. 14A-14C are a flow chart illustrating a process for presentingpractice drives to a novice driver through a web site interface.

FIG. 15A illustrates a further example of a home page for a web sitethrough which a novice driver would be invited to start a practicedriver or review past drives.

FIG. 15B is an example of a drives page for a web site through which anovice driver would be invited to review practice drives or select adrive, wherein a “Neighborhood” drive is selected.

FIG. 15C is an example of a drives page for a web site through which anovice driver would be invited to review practice drives or select adrive, wherein a “Beyond Your Neighborhood” drive is selected.

FIG. 15D is an example of a drives page for a web site through which anovice driver would be invited to review practice drives or select adrive, wherein a “Downtown” drive is selected.

FIG. 15E is an example of a drives page for a web site through which anovice driver would be invited to review practice drives or select adrive, wherein a “Highway” drive is selected.

FIG. 15F is an example of a drive page for a web site through which anovice driver would be invited to review practice drives.

FIGS. 16A-16C are a flow chart illustrating a process for presentingpractice drives to a novice driver through a web site interface.

FIGS. 17A(1), 17A(2), and 17A(3) are a flow chart illustrating anexample process for reviewing hazard modules of a practice drive.

FIGS. 17B(1), 17B(2), and 17B(3) are a flow chart illustrating analternative example process for reviewing hazard modules of a practicedrive.

FIG. 18A is a flow chart showing a process for grading novice driverperformance and applying discounts to an auto insurance premium based onperformance, wherein an insurance premium discount may be applied if thenovice driver has correctly identified more than a predeterminedpercentage of the hazards in each practice drive environment.

FIG. 18B shows a flow chart of a process, wherein an insurance discountmay be applied if the novice driver has correctly identified more than apredetermined percentage of the total number of hazards in all practicedrive environments.

FIG. 18C is a flow chart showing an alternative process for determininga discount based upon a number of correctly identified hazards, so thatat least a partial discount may be applied as long as the novice drivercorrectly identifies at least one hazard.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Preferred embodiments and their advantages over the prior art are bestunderstood by reference to FIGS. 1A-18C below. However, the presentdisclosure may be more easily understood in the context of a high leveldescription of certain embodiments.

Given the proven capacity of a still-frame pictorial presentation formatof the prior art Risk Awareness and Perception Training (“RAPT”) drivertraining system to improve novice drivers' abilities to correctlyidentify hazards, research was conducted to determine whether similarimproved capacity could be obtained via video animation formats or 3-Danimation formats. Ninety-six novice drivers participated in theresearch study. First, twenty-four novice drivers were placed in acontrol group where they where trained with the still-frame pictorialpresentation format of the RAPT system. Second, twenty-four novicedrivers were placed in a group that were trained on the same 9 separatehazard modules presented in the RAPT system, but instead of still-framepictorial presentation format, the 9 separate hazards were presented via9 separate video animations. Third, twenty-four novice drivers wereplaced in a group that was trained on a Hazard Awareness Training(“HAT”) program that comprise many different hazard modules linked inseries as one continuous drive through a particular environmentpresented as an animated video. Fourth, twenty-four novice drivers wereplaced in a group that was trained on a HAT program that comprise manydifferent hazard modules linked in series as one continuous drivethrough a particular environment presented as a 3-D animated video. Theresults of the study showed that the novice drivers in the second, thirdand fourth groups learned to correctly identify hazards at least as wellas the control group.

Real, on-the-road hazards such as cars that ‘run-the-red-light’, erraticor aggressive driver behavior, and construction zones are relativelyrare. Furthermore, most people would avoid practicing at locations whereknown patterns of such erratic and dangerous behavior can be observed.By simulating these driving behaviors, Road Aware can provide the userwith these experiences on a personal computer, thus helping to build theschema and mental models from which the user can draw when he is drivingin the real world.

If the user fails to recognize these hazards, Road Aware may allow theuser to review what he missed and learn how to recognize theseconditions. The user is permitted to repeat the practice drives and isencouraged to do so to improve his score.

User data generated by this application may be used for researchapplications towards improvements and enhancements for the application.Further, user performance data may be analyzed to determine whethernovice drivers who use this application are less likely to be involvedin crashes and collisions. An auto premium discount may be applied forsuccessful users of Road Aware.

A principal target audience for Road Aware may be a novice driver, whomay take a program as part of a driver education course, but may alsoinclude more experienced drivers who require additional driver safetytraining The user may interact with Road Aware on a personal computer(Windows- or Mac-based personal computer) equipped with a mouse,keyboard, speakers, and broadband internet access. The user may alsointeract with Road Aware on a tablet computer (such as an Apple iPad orother tablet device), smartphone, or other mobile device. The novicedriver can use Road Aware at home or in a formal instructional settinglike a classroom. Road Aware may simulate an end-to-end drivingexperience, rather than simulating discrete hazard scenarios that lastbetween 30-60 seconds each. A Road Aware practice drive may simulate anentire driving trip though a particular environment or multipleenvironments, wherein the entire drive may last up to 30 minutes. RoadAware may be integrated into a suite of interventions developed for TeenDrivers, wherein the interventions may include Road Trips™ and theDriver Feedback System. Road Trips may help novice drivers to plan andlog actual practice drives. The Driver Feedback System may use GPS andaccelerometer technologies to document the locations and drivingconditions of actual drives, including: quick accelerations, fastcornering, and hard braking.

The training format may be an ‘on-the-rails’ simulation, wherein theuser will not need to brake, accelerate or steer because speed andsteering may be controlled by the program. The simulation format mayrequire the novice driver to use his mouse or other pointing device toclick on parts of the scene where he is looking/fixating to identifypotential hazards. On touchscreen-enabled devices such as smartphone ortablet devices, the user may directly tap on areas of the screen wherehe is looking. Alternative interface devices may also be used to detectwhere a novice driver is looking/fixating during a training practicedrive.

The Graphic User Interface (GUI) during a practice drive may present aninterior of a car with visibility through the vehicle windows to thelandscape. The novice driver may be allowed to pan left and right to seethe left and right side windows, and be able to use the driver- andpassenger-side (L and R) and rear-view mirrors as would normally be donewhen driving a real vehicle. Look left and right may correspond to panleft and right with the mouse to look at the side and rear view mirrors.Active speedometer and dash display may be provided. To start the drive,a “Start Drive” button will appear in the middle of the screen. When theuser clicks or taps on this virtual button, the practice drive begins.As the practice drive proceeds, the user may use his mouse or pointingdevice to click on areas of the drive where he is looking or fixating,such as stationary objects, moving vehicles, or pedestrians. At keypoints such as at intersections, the user may be presented with a“Continue” button, at which time the virtual car “driven” by the usermay stop awaiting further input from the user. The user may decide whenit is safe to proceed with his right-turn, left-turn or straight throughmaneuver. By clicking or tapping on the “Continue” button, the user maysignify that in his view, it is safe to proceed and the practice drivecontinues. At the conclusion of a drive, a popup window will appear toinform the user that the drive has concluded, and clicking on the “Next”button returns the user to the main menu.

In addition to clicking on stationary objects, moving vehicles, orpedestrians, Road Aware may also monitor where the user is looking RoadAware may detect when the user is looking at his driver side, passengerside, or rear view mirror. If the user pans to certain areas on the leftor right side of the screen, the Road Aware system may interpret this asa rapid look “over the shoulder” left or right, respectively. The usermay use this functionality to make a safety check over his left or rightshoulder as he would if he were driving. Road Aware may also detectwhether the user is proactively scanning the road scene in anticipationof a possible hazard. For example, while crossing intersections, theuser may choose to pan left or right in anticipation of other vehiclesthat may not stop. Prior to changing lanes to the left, the user mayquickly pan to the left to proactively look for vehicles in his leftblind spot as he would if he were driving. The Road Aware system willdetect this as a precautionary look to anticipate possible hazards.

An introduction may be provided to assist newer users of the Road Awaretraining. The introduction may include: a welcome page, what Road Awaretraining is and why it is important, how the program is intended towork, and statements to get novice drivers ready to learn about drivinghazards. The introduction may be viewed once (after first time login),and then be available from the help menu after the initial viewing.

A tutorial may also be incorporated into Road Aware. An objective of thetutorial may be to introduce the GUI interface and the principal userinteraction. It may introduce the GUI-Dashboard (see above). It mayexplain how to start the drive by clicking on the “Start Drive” button,explain how and why the user must click on the parts of the drive wherehe is looking or fixating, or explain the navigation of the main menu.

Different tutorial scenarios may be introduced that may explain why theuser must look at certain objects, vehicles, or pedestrians in RoadAware. For example, three (3) introductory tutorial hazard simulationmodules may include:

-   -   (1) Pedestrian walking on the sidewalk—click on the pedestrian;        audio feedback when clicked on (no hazard or conflict); if the        user does not click on the pedestrian (the target) in a timely        fashion, the user is shown the birds-eye view of this scenario,        then is allowed to repeat the scenario two more times or until        he clicks on the target in a timely fashion. If the user fails        to click on the target three times, then the next scenario will        appear.    -   (2) Vehicle backing from driveway—click on the vehicle before it        reaches the street; audio feedback when clicked on (Good job!);        if the user does not click on the vehicle (the target) in a        timely fashion, the user is shown the birds-eye view of this        scenario, then is allowed to repeat the scenario two more times        or until he clicks on the target in a timely fashion. If the        user fails to click on the target three times, then the next        scenario will appear.    -   (3) Vehicle backing from driveway, occluded by parked cars—click        on the vehicle before it reaches the street; audio feedback when        the vehicle is clicked on correctly (Good job!); if the user        does not click on the vehicle (the target) in a timely fashion,        the user is shown the birds-eye view of this scenario, then is        allowed to repeat the scenario two more times or until he clicks        on the target in a timely fashion. If the user fails to click on        the target three times, then the next scenario will appear.

The tutorial may also provide to the user a summary of performance(metrics) based on the three hazard simulation modules presented in thetutorial. The summary may include:

(1) Total number of clickable targets and precautionary looks by theuser during the completed practice drive;

(2) Number of targets identified correctly;

(3) Percent of the maximum score achieved by the user for this practicedrive;

(4) Number of times that the user has completed this practice drive.

The Road Aware training may also set expectations for particularenvironments. For example, if the environment is a practice drive in aNeighborhood environment, the novice driver may be advised to expect tosee pedestrians on the sidewalk, and vehicles moving into traffic. TheNeighborhood environment is a good environment to learn to drive andlearn to recognize hazards. In this environment, hazards are usually(but not always) easily seen. The novice driver may be advised that itis OK to look for, and click on every moving object in view. Further,the novice driver may be advised that as she begins to become moreexperienced in detecting hazards, the novice driver should considerother ways that these same scenarios could occur. The novice driver mayalso be provided a definition of what constitutes a hazard.

The summary may also provide a way of showing the hazards that thenovice driver failed to recognize or failed to timely recognize. Thesystem may flag hazards that were missed. During the playback format, anaudio voiceover may be provided to help the novice driver identify thehazard that was not recognized and advise the novice driver informationabout the hazard. For example, a novice driver could be told as follows.

-   -   “At this location, it's important to recognize that there are        pedestrians/drivers inside parked cars/vehicles that may be        hidden by trees or bushes. Younger pedestrians can also be more        unpredictable as they may not understand the driver's need for        predictability. They may jump out in the middle of the road in        front of you when you least expect it.”    -   “Drivers who are backing up may not see your vehicle. Be        prepared to stop if you see cars moving in a driveway.”

Environment-based practice drives involve relatively lengthy drivesencountering multiple hazards through an environment, including:Neighborhood, Beyond Your Neighborhood, Downtown, and Highway, forexample. Scenario-based practice drives are individual segments orscenarios of an environment-based practice drive, wherein individualsegments or scenarios present a single hazard or a few related hazards.The “Neighborhood” drive may comprise a drive in a typical subdivision.The “Beyond Your Neighborhood” drive may comprise roads with moretraffic and higher speeds compared to the neighborhood drive. The“Downtown” drive may comprise a city roadscape presenting pedestrians,cyclists and unpredictable challenges. The “Highway” drive may comprisetravel with high-speed traffic to provide a novice drive practicechanging lanes and merging at higher speeds.

Some embodiments of Road Aware use hazard scenario-based practice drivesthrough a particular environment. The novice driver is put in an“on-rails” simulated driving condition where the user has a mouse and PCscreen. The user clicks on areas of the screen where he anticipates ahazard may appear or has appeared. An invisible-to-the-user target boxis clickable for several seconds. If clicked on, the program notes a‘hit’ that a hazard has been successfully anticipated or recognized.Visual feedback may also be presented to the user so that he knows thathe has successfully recognized or anticipated a hazard. During playbackin plan view, a check mark shows areas that the user has clicked on; anX mark shows areas that the user failed to click on and should have. Inone embodiment, the user is allowed to repeat three times a hazardmodule or scenario before advancing to the next scenario.

Other embodiments of the Road Aware training may use environment-basedpractice drives that comprise a series of hazard scenarios or modules.An environment-based practice drive may comprise twenty or moredifferent hazard modules. The novice driver is “on-rails” in a simulateddriving environment. The user has a mouse and computer with audio;clicks on areas of the screen where he anticipates a hazard may appear.The user may click on objects or hazards. Objects include cars,pedestrians, etc. that could potentially cross the path of the user.Hazards are those objects that would collide with the user if no actionis taken. The user gets credit for clicking on objects and areas wherehazards may appear. The user may receive more credit for clicking onhazards or anticipating hazards. The user may get credit for clicking onthe correct target only once. The user's score is tabulated and may becompared with previous own scores, scores of others (networked), or highscores for the week (networked). In this alternative embodiment, theuser only gets one attempt per hazard module so that the entireenvironment must be completed in one continuous drive.

In a playback mode (after drive review), the user can playback hisdrive; where he clicks (“sees”) those missed critical “hazards,” whichare shown with an audio commentary about why those events are importantand where the user should be looking or behaving. The user may also begiven congratulations on correctly identifying hazards. The programcalculates a score for the user based on the number of correctlyidentified hazards and anticipatory looks against the maximum possiblescore in the background. A score may be calculated as follows.

Total Score=Σf(correctly identified hazards, anticipatorylooks)/Σf(maximum score possible).

FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate a hazard simulation module depicting anothervehicle about to back onto the street in the path of the novice driver.The objective is to teach the novice driver to look for: occupants inparked vehicles; brake lights being illuminated from parked vehicles;and parked vehicles beginning to move. As shown in FIG. 1A, anothervehicle is parked in a driveway on the right side of the street, whereinthe vehicle is facing away from the street. The driver in the othervehicle is visible to the novice drive through the passenger-sidewindow. The brake lights of the other vehicle come on as the novicedriver approaches the driveway. As shown in FIG. 1B, after a briefperiod of illumination, the brake lights turn off and the other vehiclestarts to move slowly backward down the driveway toward the street. Thenovice driver has about three seconds to click on a target box beforethe other vehicle stops, and the target box is no longer active.

In this hazard simulation module, the target box is positioned so thatthe novice driver can click on it by clicking on the other car. Thenovice driver will be successful if: the novice driver clicks on thetarget box when it is observed that there is a driver in the other carand the other car's brake lights come on. This should be the firstindication to the novice driver that the other vehicle is about to move.The novice driver will be ‘rewarded’ more for clicking on the target boxwhen the other vehicle's brake lights first come on. The novice drivermay also be rewarded a lesser amount if the novice driver clicks on theother vehicle as it is moving, but before that vehicle's brake lightscome on the second time.

During a tutorial portion of the simulation, a message point may be madeto the novice driver that drivers backing up onto the street may not seeyour vehicle in time to stop. The novice driver should be prepared tostop in case these vehicles do not stop.

FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate an alternative of the hazard simulation moduleshown in FIGS. 1A-1B. In this simulation, the driveway is occluded bycars parked at the right-side curb between the novice driver'sapproaching car and the driveway with the parked other car. As shown inFIG. 2A, another vehicle is parked in a driveway on the right-side ofthe street, wherein the vehicle is facing away from the street. Thedriver in the other vehicle is visible to the novice drive through thepassenger-side window. The brake lights of the other vehicle come on asthe novice driver approaches the driveway. However, the novice driver'sview is at least partially blocked by two cars parked at the curb on theright-side of the street. As shown in FIG. 2B, after a brief period ofillumination, the brake lights turn off and the other vehicle starts tomove slowly backward down the driveway toward the street as the novicedriver's car approaches the two cars parked at the curb just in front ofthe driveway. The novice driver has about three seconds to click on atarget box before the other vehicle's tail lights illuminate and thevehicle stops, at which time the target box is no longer active.

In yet another variation of this hazard simulation module, a garage dooropens and a car reverses out of a garage. This module may test how soonthe novice driver will recognize the opening of the garage door as apotential driving hazard.

FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate a hazard simulation module depicting a vehicleparked on the street, which pulls into a traffic lane in front of anovice driver's vehicle. The objective of this hazard simulation moduleis to teach a novice driver to look for: (1) occupants in parkedvehicles; (2) brake lights being illuminated in parked vehicles; (3)turn signals flashing from parked vehicles; and (4) parked vehiclesbeginning to move. As shown in FIG. 3A, the other vehicle is parked atthe curb on the right-side of the street as the novice driver's vehicleapproaches. The other vehicle is parallel parked at the curb on theright-side of the street facing the same direction as the novicedriver's vehicle. In FIG. 3B, the novice driver's vehicle continues toapproach as the other car remains parked at the curb. However, in bothFIGS. 3A and 3B, the driver in the other vehicle is visible to thenovice driver through the rear window of the other vehicle. In FIG. 3C,the brake lights of the other vehicle come on and the left turn signalilluminates as the first indication that the other vehicle is about toenter the traffic lane. As shown in FIG. 3D, the other vehicle thenpulls into the traffic lane in front of the advancing novice driver'svehicle directly in the path of the proceeding novice driver's vehicleand the novice driver's vehicle is required to slow down to avoid acollision with the other vehicle.

The other vehicle's turn signal is on for about 3 seconds before theother vehicle pulls into the traffic lane, so that the novice driver hasabout 3 seconds to click on the target box (the other vehicle) beforethe other vehicle begins to pull out into the traffic lane, and thetarget box is no longer active. The novice driver will be rewarded if:(1) the novice driver recognizes that the other vehicle has a driver inthe driver's seat and recognizes the left turn signal indication as soonas it appears; (2) the novice driver clicks the target box when theother vehicle's brake lights come on; and (3) the novice driver clickson the target box before the other vehicle begins moving, wherein theamount of the award decreases, respectively.

If the novice driver's vehicle is moving at about 20 mph, then 3 secondsallows the novice driver's vehicle to travel about 88 feet; the othervehicle animation may begin when the novice driver's vehicle is about100′ from the other vehicle. The message point for the tutorial portionof the module may be that cars pulling out into traffic don't alwaysyield the right-of-way or signal that they are about to go into traffic.Novice drivers should look for warning signs like people sitting in thedriver's seat and brake lights.

FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate a hazard simulation module similar to that ofFIGS. 3A-3D, wherein a vehicle is depicted parallel-parked on the streetbetween two other cars, and the vehicle pulls into a traffic lane infront of a novice driver's vehicle. The objective of this hazardsimulation module is to teach a novice driver to look for: (1) occupantsin parked vehicles; (2) brake lights being illuminated in parkedvehicles; (3) turn signals flashing from parked vehicles; and (4) parkedvehicles beginning to move. As shown in FIG. 4A, the other vehicle isparallel-parked between two other vehicles at the curb on the right-sideof the street facing the same direction as the novice driver's vehicle.The novice driver's vehicle approaches in the traffic lane. The driverin the other vehicle is only partially visible to the novice driverthrough the rear window because there is a vehicle parked behind theother vehicle. In FIG. 4B, the brake lights of the other vehicle come onand the left turn signal illuminates as the first indication that theother vehicle is about to enter the traffic lane. Similar to the moduleshown in FIGS. 3A-3D, the other vehicle then pulls into the traffic lanein front of the advancing novice driver's vehicle directly in the pathof the proceeding novice driver's vehicle and the novice driver'svehicle is required to slow down to avoid a collision with the othervehicle. The novice driver may be rewarded more for recognizing theother vehicle as a potential hazard as early as possible.

This hazard simulation module may be further modified to include a car(parked) is occluded by a larger truck. A further modification mayinclude several parallel-parked cars that have drivers visible, but onlyone of the vehicles moves (indicated by active brake lights). A stillfurther modification may be where the parallel-parked other vehicle hasa broken tail light and the first indication of a hazard is actualmovement of the other vehicle into the traffic lane.

FIG. 5 illustrates a hazard simulation module depicting a pedestrianwalking/gliding along a sidewalk. The novice driver should recognize thepresence of the pedestrian by clicking/fixating on him, wherein thetarget box is over the pedestrian. The learning objective of this hazardsimulation module is to teach a novice driver to learn to detect thepresence of pedestrians through: (1) detection of movement; (2) patternsof pedestrian traffic; and (3) detection and recognition of warningsigns or events. In this scenario, a pedestrian is visible a walkingparallel to the path of the novice driver. No actual hazard is presentedhere, but the novice driver should detect the presence of a pedestrianby the pedestrian's movement. The novice driver will be ‘successful’ ifthe novice driver recognizes that the pedestrian is moving on thesidewalk. The novice driver will be ‘rewarded’ more for clicking on thepedestrian early and repeatedly to make sure that the pedestrian doesnot change direction. During a tutorial portion of the module, a messagepoint may be that pedestrians walking along a street may changedirection and cross in front of you. Novice drivers should be watchfulfor sudden changes in direction by pedestrians or cyclists that mayrequire the novice driver to stop.

FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate a pedestrian (child) standing on the sidewalknear a crosswalk at an intersection. The learning objective of thishazard simulation module is to detect and anticipate the presence ofpedestrians through: (1) recognition of pedestrians near a crosswalk;and (2) patterns of pedestrian traffic. In this scenario, pedestrian(s)are stationary at or near a crosswalk location. No actual hazard ispresented here, but the novice driver should detect the presence ofpedestrians and the possibility that they might move out into thecrosswalk in front of them. As shown in FIG. 6A, a pedestrian isstanding at or near a crosswalk at an intersection. This could be ayoung child who might be waiting for a school bus to arrive. The targetbox is over the pedestrian. FIG. 6B shows the novice driver's vehicleapproaching the intersection where the pedestrian is standing at acorner by a stop sign. FIG. 6C illustrates how the novice driver'svehicle approaches the intersection. FIG. 6D shows the novice driver'svehicle stopped at the intersection with the brake lights illuminated.The novice driver may be ‘successful’ if the novice driver recognizesthat the pedestrian may begin moving across the path of the novicedriver. The novice driver may be ‘rewarded’ more for clicking on thepedestrian early and repeatedly to make sure that the novice driver isaware of the potential that the pedestrian may begin to move into thecross-walk.

Alternative variations of this hazard simulation module could include astop sign where the pedestrian is occluded by a tree or another vehicleparked at the curb. A message point during a tutorial portion of themodule may be to advise the novice driver that child pedestrians shouldbe treated as especially unpredictable. Drivers should be prepared tostop if the pedestrian does something unexpected. The module couldillustrate by having the pedestrian crossing in front of the car at thecrosswalk.

FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate a hazard simulation module wherein a vehicle dooropens along a line of parked cars (on-street). The learning objective ofthe module is to teach how to look for warning signs regarding parkedcars indicating that the cars may be occupied and that doors may open insuch a way to pose a hazard for the novice driver. In this simulation,the street narrows due to on-street parking. As shown in FIG. 7A,several vehicles are parallel-parked bumper-to-bumper at the right curb.The novice driver approaches cars parked along the right side of theroad. In one of the cars ahead on the right, a passenger is visible inthe rear window. The novice driver's vehicle is approaching in thetraffic lane, which runs beside the parked vehicles. One of the vehiclesin the line of parked vehicles has its brake lights illuminated. Asshown in FIG. 7B, the novice driver's vehicle has advanced and is aboutto pass the parked cars, as the vehicle with the illuminated brakelights has its driver's-side door open and extending into the trafficlane. During the initial stages of the simulation, the target box may beover the passenger visible inside the parked vehicle. During laterstages of the simulation, the target box may be over the illuminatedtail lights and or the open car door. novice driver will be ‘successful’if: (1) the novice driver clicks on the occupant inside the parkedvehicle; and (2) the novice driver clicks on the door opening into thetraffic lane.

Alternative modifications of the module may include a narrower street ora one-way street with parking on both sides, wherein car(s) on eitherside of the street may open doors. A message point for a tutorialportion of the module may be to teach drivers to expect that driverswon't always check their mirrors before leaving their vehicles. Whendriving alongside parked cars, novice drivers should look for people whomight open their car doors in front of them, or brake lights thatappear. A car door opening may be shown in a second photo or video toillustrate the point.

FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate a pedestrian (child) crossing a street at anintersection cross walk. The learning objective of this hazardsimulation module is to detect and anticipate the presence ofpedestrians through: (1) recognition of pedestrians at a crosswalk; and(2) patterns of pedestrian traffic. In this scenario, pedestrian(s) arestationary at or near a crosswalk location. In this scenario, thepedestrian is visible to the novice driver and is walking along thesidewalk. The pedestrian crosses the street well ahead of the novicedriver so that no actual hazard or conflict is possible. As shown inFIG. 8A, a pedestrian is standing at or near a crosswalk at anintersection. This could be a young child who might be waiting for aschool bus to arrive. The pedestrian may be seen for at least 5 secondsbefore the novice driver's vehicle arrives at the crosswalk. The targetbox is over the pedestrian. FIG. 8B shows the pedestrian entering thestreet and crossing at the cross-walk as the novice driver's vehicleapproaches the intersection. The novice driver may be ‘successful’ ifthe novice driver recognizes that the pedestrian may begin moving acrossthe path of the novice driver. The novice driver may be ‘rewarded’ morefor clicking on the pedestrian early.

Alternative variations of this hazard simulation module could include astop sign where the pedestrian is occluded by a tree or another vehicleparked at the curb. It may further include a car behind the novicedriver's vehicle that is honking (aggressive driving). A message pointduring a tutorial portion of the module may be to advise the novicedriver that pedestrians may cross in front of cars.

FIGS. 9A-9G illustrate a hazard simulation module depicting a novicedriver at four-way STOP (Left-Right-Left look). The objective of thishazard simulation module is to teach a novice driver to give way toother vehicles that arrive at the four-way stop sign first. During thissimulation, an “up” arrow, which means “Proceed,” will be active andwhen clicked by the novice driver will move the ND vehicle forward. Thenovice driver will successfully navigate the hazard simulation module bywaiting until the appropriate time to click on the “up” arrow.

As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, a novice driver's vehicle approaches afour-way intersection controlled by STOP signs. Referring to FIG. 9C,two other vehicles arrive at the intersection before the novice driver'svehicle, one approaching from the right and the other approaching fromthe left. The novice driver's vehicle arrives last at the intersection.The ‘up’ arrow, meaning ‘Proceed’ becomes active and, when clicked bythe novice driver, will move the novice driver vehicle forward. As shownin FIG. 9D, the other vehicle at the right first enters the intersectionand crosses the intersection from right to left. As shown in FIG. 9E,the other vehicle at the left next enters the intersection and crossesthe intersection from left to right. FIG. 9F shows that the novicedriver's vehicle remains stopped at the STOP sign until the second ofthe other vehicles has cleared the intersection and departs toward theright. FIG. 9G shows the novice driver's vehicle entering theintersection and driving straight through it.

The novice driver should not click on the ‘Proceed’ button before theother vehicles have passed through the intersection. The novice driverwill be ‘successful’ if the novice driver allows the other vehiclesproceed through the intersection before clicking on the ‘Proceed’ (uparrow) button. The novice driver may also be ‘rewarded’ more for lookingleft, right, and left before proceeding into the intersection.

This hazard simulation module may be modified to include a third vehicle(OV3) approaching from the left side so as to appear if and only if thenovice driver fails to look left a second time before proceeding throughthe intersection.

FIG. 10 illustrates a hazard simulation module wherein novice driverwill stop at two-way intersection controlled by two STOP signs, andallow traffic to pass, before proceeding. This module may be called a“gap acceptance” module. The objective is to teach a novice driver tolook left, right and left before proceeding into the intersection. Asshown in FIG. 10, the novice driver's vehicle will approach a two-waySTOP controlled intersection with the intent to stop and then to turnright at the intersection. The cross-traffic from the left and right hasno STOP signs and does not stop. After the novice driver vehicle comesto a complete stop, the ‘Proceed’ button becomes available.

After the novice driver's vehicle comes to a stop at the intersection,four other vehicles go through the intersection: three from the left andone from the right. The gap between the three vehicles arriving from theleft may be between 3 and 5 seconds. The first vehicle from the leftwill arrive within a second of the arrival of the novice driver'svehicle arrival at the intersection. The second vehicle from the leftmay arrive three seconds after the first vehicle and the third vehiclemay arrive five seconds after the second vehicle. A fourth vehicle mayarrive from the left and will arrive at the intersection three secondsafter the third vehicle. novice driver will be ‘successful’ if: (1) hewaits until all vehicles have cleared the intersection; and (2) he willbe ‘rewarded’ more if he looks left, right, left before proceeding. Amessage point for a tutorial portion may be to explain to the novicedriver that before entering an intersection, he must make sure to lookleft, right—and left again before proceeding, such that it's importantto look to the left a second time since in the direction that vehiclesnearest to you could be approaching.

In alternative embodiments of this hazard simulation module, an infinitenumber of vehicles may approach from the left with gaps of either 3 or 6seconds and the challenge is for the novice driver to choose a “correct”larger gap in which to proceed.

In a further alternative embodiment, a pedestrian may remain stationarynear the STOP sign on the near right sidewalk. The pedestrian remainsvisible and stationary at the intersection near the STOP sign during theentire simulation module. A target box is active over the pedestrianduring the entire simulation module. The pedestrian adds a challenge tothe novice drive, because the novice driver must first check that thetraffic lane is free of cars and second check that the pedestrian is notmoving, before the novice driver may proceed into the intersection. Inthis embodiment, the novice driver will be “successful” if: (1) he waitsuntil all vehicles have cleared the intersection; and (2) he will be‘rewarded’ more if he looks left, right, left and clicks on thepedestrian before proceeding.

According to a hazard simulation module illustrated in FIGS. 11A-11E, aball rolls/bounces from left to right across a traffic lane of a novicedriver's vehicle. The objective of this module is for the novice driverto learn to recognize a possible hazard on the right side of the road inthe direction from which the ball has appeared. In this module, thenovice driver will be driving along a narrow street where vehicles areparallel-parked on both sides. A ball bounces out from between two carson the right. As shown in FIG. 11A, cars are parked on both sides of thestreet as the novice driver's vehicle is driving down the street in thetraffic lane past the parked cars. FIG. 11B shows how the parkedvehicles at least partially block the novice driver's view ofpedestrians on the sidewalks. Approximately 60 feet or two secondsbefore the novice driver passes the front of a particular vehicle on theright side of the street, as shown in FIG. 11C, a ball bounces out fromin front of the particular vehicle. As shown in FIG. 11D, the novicedriver's vehicle is adjacent the parked car from where the balloriginated, the ball has bounced into the left lane, and a pedestrian ispartially visible between the cars. A target box is between the carswhere the ball originated. In FIG. 11E, as the novice driver vehiclepasses the minivan, the pedestrian is more fully visible between thevehicles parked on the side of the road. The target box is at thepedestrian.

The novice driver will be ‘successful’ if she clicks in the spacebetween the cars from where the ball came into the street. For atutorial instruction to the novice driver, a message point could be madeinstructing the novice driver to be aware of the possibility ofpedestrians appearing between parked cars, wherein one must not assumethat everyone else can see one's vehicle. Of course, rather than a ballbouncing out from between the cars, it could be a cyclist or a skater.

FIGS. 12A-12F illustrate a novice driver driving straight throughintersection. A vehicle approaching from the opposite direction turnsleft in front of novice driver into a side street; and a second othervehicle is turning from the side street into the traffic lane in frontof the novice driver's vehicle. The learning objective of this hazardsimulation module is to teach a novice driver that there may be multiplethreats or hazards in the same situation and both are of equalimportance to being a safer driver.

As shown in FIG. 12A, in this module, novice driver's vehicle approachesa four-way intersection, wherein STOP signs are posted at two oppositeways, and the cross-traffic on which the novice driver's vehicle isdriving does not stop. FIG. 12A further illustrates a first othervehicle approaching from the opposite direction as that of the novicedriver's vehicle and signaling a left-turn, while a second other vehicleis approaching the STOP sign on the right. FIG. 12B shows the firstother vehicle turning left through the intersection in front of thenovice driver's vehicle as the novice driver's vehicle continues todrive toward the intersection and the second other vehicle has stoppedat the STOP sign on the right. FIG. 12C shows the first other vehicleturning left in front of the novice driver's vehicle as the novicedriver's vehicle has nearly reached the intersection and the secondother vehicle remains stopped at the STOP sign on the right. FIG. 12Cfurther shows how the first other vehicle is about to pass through thedirect line of sight between the second other vehicle and the novicedriver's vehicle, so that there will be a brief period of time when thedriver of the second other vehicle may not be able to see the novicedriver's vehicle. As shown in FIG. 12D, the first other vehicle hascompleted its left turn through the intersection and is driving passedthe second other vehicle, and the novice driver's vehicle has nearlyslowed to a stop to allow the first other vehicle to make its left turnin front of the novice driver's vehicle. Importantly, the second othervehicle has begun to move away from it position at the STOP sign at theright and is beginning to make a right-hand turn into the traffic lanedirectly in front of the novice driver's vehicle. Presumably, the driverof the second vehicle was unable to see the novice driver's vehicleadvancing toward the intersection because the view was momentarilyblocked by the passing first other vehicle. As shown in FIG. 12E, thesecond other vehicle makes a right-hand turn through the intersectionimmediately in front of the novice driver's vehicle, which is drivingstraight through the intersection behind the second other vehicle. FIG.12F shows the second other vehicle accelerating away from theintersection with the novice driver's vehicle immediately behind.

Novice driver will be ‘successful’ if the novice driver clicks on bothother vehicles before crossing the intersection. This module may bemodified, for example, such that after turning right in front of the ND,the second vehicle stops to wait for a pedestrian to cross a drivewaybefore turning left into that driveway. Another modification may be, fora commercial environment, a third vehicle blocks the view of secondvehicle to the novice driver vehicle.

While the hazard simulation modules illustrated in FIGS. 1A-12F areshown as still photographs, embodiments of the invention may implementanimation, 3D animation, or actual video footage for viewing by thenovice driver.

FIGS. 13A-13C illustrate a graphic user interface according to oneembodiment of the invention. In FIG. 13A, a “Home” page is illustratedwhich provides a summary pane and a question pane asking the novicedrive what the driver would like to do. The summary pane 1301 provides atotal number of practice drives. The summary pane 1301 further providesradiance and practice drives wherein parking lot, residential, andintermediate roads. Practice drives are indicated as having beencompleted. The summary pane 1301, as illustrated, further providesradiance for commercial roads, highway, and additional challenges,wherein none of these practice drives are indicated as having beencompleted. FIG. 13A further illustrates an inquiry pane 1302 which asksthe novice driver what the drive would like to do. In particular, thedriver is asked whether he would like to do start a practice drive, orreview past drives. Further options are provided when a novice drivermay view instructions or change settings.

FIG. 13B illustrates a window under a “Drives” tab. This window providesa practice drive pane 1303 and select drive pane 1304. In the practicedrives pane 1303, a total percentage is provided for the percent ofdrives attempted by the novice driver. The practice drive pane 1303further provides icons for the novice driver to select particulardriving environments including: parking lot, residential, intermediateroads, commercial roads, highway, and challenges. As illustrated in FIG.13B, the residential practice drives have been selected. The selectdrive pane 1304 as illustrated, provides information about theresidential practice drives. In this case, the novice driver hascompleted two drives and has yet to complete a third drive. In each ofthe first two drives, the novice driver had done a nice job ofrecognizing and anticipating hazards in this environment. The novicedriver is presented icons which allow the novice driver to repeat thedrive, or start a new drive. A further icon is provided which allows thenovice driver to select the next environment.

FIG. 13C illustrates a window under the “Review” tab. This review windowcontains a practice log pane 1305 and a history pane 1306. In theillustrated practice log pane 1305, it is indicated that 13 drives havebeen completed, wherein ten parking lot practices drives, oneresidential practice drive, and three intermediate practice drives areindicated as having been started. The practice log pane 1305 furtherindicates that no commercial road drives, highway drives, or additionalchallenge drives have been started. The history pane 1306 providesinformation regarding selected environments from the practice log pane1305. Alternatively, the history pane 1306 may provide most recentpractice drive information. Still further, the history pane 1306 maycomprise a review all practice drives icon which, when selected,provides information about all practice drives. The history pane 1306may provide the name of the practice drive, the environment in which thepractice drive had been made, the time at which the practice drive wascompleted, and an indication of the score received which is reflectiveof the novice driver's competence in identifying hazards.

FIGS. 14A-14C provide a flow-chart, which illustrates an embodiment ofthe invention for navigating the various windows of the graphic-userinterface. Process begins by launching the application from the StateFarm Teen Driver website (TDS 1301). The novice driver is thenquestioned about whether he has watched the introductory video at 1402.If not, the introductory video is launched at 1403. After theintroductory video is complete, the home window 1404 is launched. If thenovice driver had already watched the introductory video, the homewindow 1404 would be launched without launching the video. The homewindow 1404 provides the following options: choose tutorial 1405, RoadAware home 1406, and message 1407. Under the choose tutorial option1405, there is provided icons for introductory video and pre-drivetutorial. If the novice driver selects the introductory video iconwithin the choose tutorial 1405, then the introductory video would belaunched 1403. If the novice driver selects the pre-drive tutorial iconthen the pre-drive tutorial would be launched 1408. After either thelaunch of the introductory video 1403 or the launch of the pre-drivetutorial 1408, control is returned to the Road Aware home 1406. Withinthe Road Aware home 1406, icons are provided for: let's practice, reviewpast practice, view instructions, and settings. If “let's practice” isselected, the novice driver is asked whether he has watched thepre-drive tutorial. If not, the pre-drive tutorial is launched 1403. Ifthe novice driver has watched the pre-drive tutorial, then the novicedriver is asked if there is an incomplete drive. If there is anincomplete drive, then control goes to the message option 1407 whereinthe novice driver is given opportunity to continue a drive or do a driveover.

The flow-chart diagram of FIGS. 14A-14C further comprises a drive module1409 corresponding to the drive tab of the graphic-user interface. Thenovice driver is given an option to select a drive to practice 1410.Once the driver has selected a drive to practice, a practice driverwithin an environment (E_(i)D_(i)) is launched 1411. During the ED,practice drive, a record 1412 is made of the clicks and hits so as toprovide a quick/hit visual feedback. During the launched E_(i)D_(i)practice drive, the novice driver may also select a pause menu 1413. Inthe pause menu, the novice driver may select map, continue, restart, orsave and quit. After the launched E_(i)D_(i) practice drive iscompleted, the novice driver is given opportunity to restart thepractice drive. If yes, the program goes back to launch E_(i)D_(i)practice drive 1411. If not, a determination is made as to whether thepractice drive has been prematurely quit or is not complete. If theanswer to that inquiry is “no,” then the drive is identified as completeas E_(i)D_(i)T_(n) final drive. If the answer is “yes” that the drivehas not been completed, then the incomplete drive persists and is savedas an incomplete drive. Completed drives are saved at 1414 andincomplete drives are saved at 1415.

A review module 1416 is also illustrated which corresponds to the reviewmodule of FIG. 13C. The review module 1416 provides a list 1417 of themost recent practice of each drive. From this list 1417, the novice mayselect a drive or view all drives. If the user selects a drive, then anE_(i)D_(i)T_(n) practice drive is launched for a 1418. If novice driverhas selected all drives then a log summary 1419 will be displayed. Fromthe log summary 1419, the novice driver may also launch anE_(i)D_(i)T_(n) practice driver 1418. From within the review module1416, the novice driver may select map view 1420. The map view 1420 maybe a view all or a view missed option selection relative to the hazardson the maps. Finally, within the review module 1416, the novice drivermay create a sequence 1421 of result message plus hazard image plustutorial launch. From within the sequences created 1421, the novicedriver may go backward and forward within the sequence.

FIGS. 15A-15F illustrate an alternative embodiment of a graphic userinterface. FIG. 15A a home page, FIGS. 15B-15E illustrate drive pagesunder a drive tab and FIG. 15F illustrates a review page under a reviewtab.

The home page illustrated at FIG. 15A provides a review log pane 1501and a home pane 1502. The review log pane 1501 provides a number ofpractice drives attempted, in this case, six of 12. The review log pane1501 further provides information regarding current ratings fordifferent drive environment, including: residential, intermediate,downtown, and highway. Alternatively, the pane of practice drive may beincluded in the system, for example it could indicate two of fourpractice drives have been attempted. Further, any variety ofenvironments may be provided under the current ratings, in particular,neighborhood, beyond your neighborhood, downtown, and highway. In thereview log pane 1501, the current ratings may be indicated by a slidingscale which shows number of practice drives completed and/or the scoresobtained for each practice drive for an average score of practicedrives. Further the review log pane 1501 may include icons which anovice drive may use to select or view individual practice drives. Thehome pane 1502 allows a novice driver to indicate what he would like todo. In particular, a novice driver may indicate if he would like tostart a practice drive, review pass drives, view instructions or changesettings. If the novice driver wants to select a practice drive or starta practice drive, the novice driver may select this option if he isready to practice scanning for hazards in a driving environment. If theuser is ready to review past drives, he may select this option if he hascompleted some practice drives and wants to see how he did. Viewinstructions may be selected if the novice driver wants to see theinstructions on how to use the Road Aware training program. The novicedrive may also select “change settings” if he wants to change thesettings.

As illustrated in 15B, the drive tab provides a drive window wherein twopanes are shown: a practice drives pane 1503 and a select drive pane1504. The practice drives pane 1503 again provides a number of practicedrives attempted, in this case, six of 12. The practice drives pane 1503also contains a list of environments which the novice driver may select,including: neighborhood, beyond your neighborhood, downtown, andhighway. These environments may also contain a sliding scale which showsa number of drives completed, a score for individual drives, or anaverage score for all drives completed for the particular environment.In the situation illustrated in FIG. 15B, the practice drives pane 1503has the neighborhood environment selected.

FIG. 15B also illustrates a select drive pane 1504. In the illustratedsituation, a neighborhood environment has been selected for the selectdrive pane 1504. The select pane 1504 contains information about theenvironment, in written form and pictorial form. The pane furthercomprises an icon wherein the novice driver may repeat the drive. Theselect drive pane 1504 further comprises an icon for the novice driverto select a next environment. In FIG. 15B, the select drive pane 1504 isof a neighborhood environment where the environment features lowertraffic speeds and volume, where the novice driver may occasionally seeyoung children playing.

In FIG. 15C, a practice drives pane 1503 is shown wherein a “beyond yourneighborhood” environment is selected. A select drive pane 1504 is alsoshown, wherein the selected environment is “beyond your neighborhood.”In the beyond your neighborhood environment, a novice driver mayexperience roads with more traffic and higher speeds. In thisenvironment, the roads are relatively wider with multiple lanes.

FIG. 15D illustrates a drive window under the drives tab, wherein thepractice drives pane 1503 is similar to that previously shown, exceptthat a downtown environment is selected. A select drive pane 1504 isalso illustrated, for a downtown environment. In the downtownenvironment, the novice driver may expect to see more pedestrians,cyclists and unpredictable challenges. Further, the novice driver shouldexpect to see slower traffic, aggressive drivers, and inattentivepedestrians in the downtown environment. Of course, icons are providedfor the novice driver to start this drive, select a previousenvironment, or select next environment.

FIG. 15E illustrates a drive window under the drives tab. A practicedrive pane 1503 is similar to that previously illustrated except that ahighway environment is selected. Also the drives window of 15Eillustrates a select drive pane 1504 wherein a highway environment isillustrated. In the highway environment, the novice driver may travelalong high speed roads so as to practice scanning for hazards whilechanging lanes and merging. Icons are provided so as to allow the novicedriver to select this drive or previous environments.

FIG. 15F illustrates a review window under a review tab of thegraphic-user interface. A review log pane 1505 is provided, whichindicates the number of drives completed, and the timed rating perenvironment for the up to five most recent drives. In particular, thereview log pane 1505 provides sliding scale indicators for each of theenvironments. Icons are also provided for the novice driver to viewdrive information for each of the environments. FIG. 15F furtherprovides a review pane 1506 that provides information regarding aselected drive or the most recent practice drives. The review pane 1506provides the name of the drive, the date and time at which the drive wastaken, the environment in which the drive was taken, and the percent ofdrive completion. The review pane 1506 further provides icons, which thenovice driver may select to review particular drives. The review pane1506 also provides a sliding scale indicator for the score that wasobtained by the novice driver for completed or incomplete drives.

FIGS. 16A-16C illustrate a process flow diagram for navigation betweenthe home, drives, and review windows of the graphic-user interfaceembodiment illustrated in FIGS. 15A-15F. A TDS is launched 1507 and aninquiry is made as to whether novice driver has watched an introductoryvideo. If the driver has not watched the video, an introductory“expectations setting” video is launched 1508. If the novice driver haswatched the introductory video, then control goes to the Road Aware home1509. The Road Aware home 1509 comprises several options for the novicedriver, including: let's practice, review past practice, viewinstructions, settings. If the novice driver selects the viewinstructions icon, control goes to “choose tutorial” menu 1510 thatallows the novice driver to select an introductory video or a pre-drivetutorial. If the introductory video is selected then control goes tolaunch and introductory 1508. If the pre-drive tutorial is selected thencontrol goes launch a pre-drive UI tutorial 1511. From the Road Awarehome menu 1509, if the user selects the settings icon, the novice drivermay then be allowed to change audio settings globally at 1512. If thenovice driver selects “let's practice” from the Road Aware home menu,the novice driver may be asked whether he has watched a pre-drivetutorial. If not, a pre-drive tutorial UI may be launched 1508. If thedrive has seen the tutorial, then the driver may be questioned as towhether there is an incomplete drive. If there are incomplete drives,then control will pass to a message menu 1513. From the message menu1513, the novice driver may select a continue drive icon or a startanother drive icon. If the continue drive icon is selected, then controllaunch a drive from the last completed hazard 1514. If the novice driverselects a “start another drive” icon from the message menu 1513, thencontrol goes to delete incomplete drive 1515. If incomplete drives aredeleted 1515 then control transfer to allow the novice drive to selectan environment to practice 1516. If user selects an environment topractice 1516, then the system will randomly select practice drives 1517from those that are available in E_(i). The practice drives may bedesignated as D_(i). After the system has selected practice drives 1517,then the practice drives in the particular environment “E_(i)D_(i)” arelaunched 1518. Whether the practice drives are launched from thoserandomly selected 1518 or from the last completed hazard 1514, thesystem records 1519 the clicks, hits, panes, mirror looks, and providesquick/hit visual feedback. During the drive, the novice driver mayselect a pause menu 1520 which provides options for map, continue,restart, save and quit. Within the drives navigation windows the novicedriver may restart, which will launch randomly selected practice drivefrom within the environment 1518, or quit. If the drive is quit beforethe drive is complete then the incomplete drive will be saved 1521.Completed drives are saved as final 1522.

From the review window, illustrated at FIG. 15F, a novice driver maynavigate to a list 1523 of the most recent practice of each drive. Fromthis list 1523, the novice driver may select a drive, or view alldrives. If the user selects a drive, then control goes to launch 1524 adrive from a particular environment “E_(i)D_(i)T_(a).” If the userselects “view all drives” from the list 1523 of the most recent practiceof each drive, then a log summary 1525 should be provided. From the logssummary 1525, the novice driver may select or launch drives 1524. Whenthe drives are launched 1524 in the review window, a map view menu 1526is provided. The map view 1526 allows the novice drive to view all, orview missed. From the map view drive selection 1526, a sequence may becreated 1527, which includes a results message plus a hazard image, plusa tutorial launch. The novice driver may go backward and forward in thesequence list to review different drives.

FIGS. 17A(1), 17A(2), and 17A(3) provide a process flow diagram forinteractively interfacing with the novice drive during a practice drive.The program begins with the launch 1701 of a practice drive. The programmay assign variables including Practice Drive (P), total Hazards (N),and total Hazard Types (T). A variable module 1702 is provided, whereinvariables “n” and “t” represent the number of times a hazard of aparticular type has been encountered and the types of hazards,respectively. As the novice driver encounters hazards during thepractice drive, the program increments the variables “n” and “t” by one,so as to be able to track whether this is the first, second, or moretimes hazards of particular types have been encountered. If the programdetects that it is the first type the novice driver has encountered ahazard of a particular type, the program follows the subroutinebeginning with the launch 1701. If the program detects that a hazard ofa particular type has been encountered once before, the program followsthe subroutine beginning with the launch 1711. If the program detectsthat a hazard of a particular type has been encountered more than oncewithin the practice drive, the program follows the subroutine beginningwith the launch 1721.

The program determines how the novice drive has anticipated each hazard,for example, within the subroutine beginning with launch 1701, novicedriver responses are categorized as: correct 1703, partial 1704, orincorrect 1705. If the response is correct, an audio output is provided.If the response is partially correct, the practice drive willautomatically pause and a voiceover is output stating: “you only gotpart of that last hazard.” If the response is incorrect, the practicedrive will automatically pause and a voiceover is output stating:“Uh-oh—you missed a hazard—let's see what you missed.” After thevoiceover has been provided in response to a partially missed hazard,the novice driver is asked 1706 whether he would like to see what wasmissed. If the novice driver indicates “no”, then the program un-pausesand continues 1709 the practice drive. After the voiceover has beenprovided in response to an incorrect hazard response or if the novicedriver indicates a “yes” after a partially missed hazard, a summary 1707of the hazard is provided with a CONTINUE icon. Next, a video of thehazard is played back 1708 in a cinema view and the name of the hazardis provided as part of the video. After the playback, the programunpauses and continues 1709 the practice drive. The practice drivecontinues 1710 to the next hazard.

If the encountered hazard has been encountered once before 1711, thevariables are incremented 1712 and novice driver responses arecategorized as: correct 1713, partial 1714, or incorrect 1715. If theresponse is correct, an audio output is provided and the programcontinues 1720 to the next hazard. If the response is partially correct,the practice drive will automatically pause and a voiceover is outputstating: “you only got part of that last hazard.” If the response isincorrect, the practice drive will automatically pause and a voiceoveris output stating: “Uh-oh—you missed a hazard.” After either of thevoiceovers have been provided in response to a partially missed orundetected hazard, the novice driver is asked 1716 whether he would liketo see what was missed. If the novice driver indicates “no”, then theprogram un-pauses and continues 1719 the practice drive. If the novicedriver indicates “yes”, a summary 1717 of the hazard is provided with aCONTINUE icon. Next, a video of the hazard is played back 1718 in acinema view and the name of the hazard is provided as part of the video.After the playback, the program unpauses and continues 1719 the practicedrive. The practice drive continues 1720 to the next hazard.

If the encountered hazard has been encountered more than once before1721, the variables are incremented 1722 and novice driver responses arecategorized as: correct 1723, partial 1724, or incorrect 1725. If theresponse is correct, an audio output is provided and the programcontinues 1730 to the next hazard. If the response is partially correct,a voiceover is output stating: “you only got part of that last hazard.”If the response is incorrect, a voiceover is output stating: “Uh-oh—youmissed a hazard.” After either of the voiceovers have been provided inresponse to a partially missed or incorrect hazard, a video of thehazard is played back 1728 in a cinema view and the name of the hazardis provided as part of the video. After the playback, practice drivecontinues 1730 to the next hazard.

FIGS. 17B(1), 17B(2), and 17B(3) provide an alternative embodiment of aprocess flow diagram for interactively interfacing with the novice driveduring a practice drive. The program begins with the launch 1701 of apractice drive. The variables are incremented 1702 and novice driverresponses are categorized as: correct 1703, partial 1704, or incorrect1705. If the response is correct, an audio output is provided and theprogram continues 1710 to the next hazard. If the response is partiallycorrect, a voiceover is output stating: “you only got part of that lasthazard.” If the response is incorrect, a voiceover is output stating:“Uh-oh—you missed a hazard.” After either of the voiceovers have beenprovided in response to a partially missed or incorrect hazard, a videoof the hazard is played back 1708 in a cinema view and the name of thehazard is provided as part of the video. After the playback, practicedrive continues 1710 to the next hazard.

If the encountered hazard has been encountered once before 1711, thevariables are incremented 1712 and novice driver responses arecategorized as: correct 1713, partial 1714, or incorrect 1715. Theprocess for this subroutine shown in FIGS. 17B(1), 17B(2), and 17B(3)precede the same as described above relative to FIGS. 17A(1), 17A(2),and 17A(3).

If the encountered hazard has been encountered more than once before1721, the variables are incremented 1722 and novice driver responses arecategorized as: correct 1723, partial 1724, or incorrect 1725. Theprocess for this subroutine shown in FIGS. 17B(1), 17B(2), and 17B(3)(1721-1730) steps then proceeds the same as described above relative toFIGS. 17A(1), 17A(2), and 17A(3). (steps 1701-1710).

Environment-based practice drives involve lengthy drives encounteringmultiple hazards through different environments, including:neighborhood, beyond your neighborhood, downtown, and highway. Accordingto one embodiment of practice drives, each practice drive comprises aseries of hazard modules that are presented in the same order each timethe practice drive is replayed. According to a further embodiment ofpractice drives, each practice drive comprises a set of hazard modulesthat are presented in a different order each time the practice drive isreplayed. By presenting the hazard modules in a different order, thenovice driver is less likely to be able to merely memorize correctresponses to individual hazards and more likely to develop hazardawareness skills. Further embodiments of the invention randomly presenthazard modules in a variety of driving conditions, including: rain, dry,snow, icy, night-time, daylight, etc. to give even more diverse looks tothe different hazards.

One aspect of the invention is to use hazard awareness proficiency as abasis for automobile insurance premium valuation. If a novice driver isable to demonstrate proficiency in early identification of potentialdriving hazards, then the novice driver may be rewarded with aninsurance premium discount.

According to one embodiment of the invention, an insurance premiumdiscount may be applied if the novice driver has correctly identifiedmore than a predetermined percentage of the hazards in each practicedrive environment. FIG. 18A illustrates an example. It is firstdetermined 1801 whether the novice driver has correctly identified morethan 90% of the hazards in a first practice drive (for example,neighborhood). If not, the novice driver is notified 1802 of a failingscore for the first practice drive and that a discount of the insurancepremium will not be applied. It is next determined 1803 whether thenovice driver has correctly identified more than 90% of the hazards in asecond practice drive (for example, beyond your neighborhood). If not,the novice driver is notified 1804 of a failing score for the secondpractice drive and that a discount of the insurance premium will not beapplied. It is next determined 1805 whether the novice driver hascorrectly identified more than 90% of the hazards in a third practicedrive (for example, downtown). If not, the novice driver is notified1806 of a failing score for the third practice drive and that a discountof the insurance premium will not be applied. It is finally determined1807 whether the novice driver has correctly identified more than 90% ofthe hazards in a fourth practice drive (for example, highway). If not,the novice driver is notified 1808 of a failing score for the fourthpractice drive and that a discount of the insurance premium will not beapplied. If the novice driver has a passing score for all four practicedrives, then a discount is applied 1809 to the insurance premium and thenovice driver is so notified.

In a further illustrative embodiment of the invention, an insurancediscount may be applied if the novice driver has correctly identifiedmore than a predetermined percentage of the total number of hazards inall practice drive environments. FIG. 18B shows this example. First, thetotal number of correctly identified hazards is obtained by adding 1810together the number of correctly identified hazards from each practicedrive. It is next determined 1811 whether more than 90% of the totalnumber of hazards in all practice drives have been correctly identified.If not, then the novice driver is notified 1812 of a failing score andthat the discount will not be applied. If yes, then a discount isapplied 1813 to an auto insurance premium and the novice driver is sonotified.

A further embodiment of the invention provides for a determination ofdiscount to be based upon a number of correctly identified hazards, sothat at least a partial discount may be applied as long as the novicedriver correctly identifies at least one hazard. FIG. 18C illustratesthis example. First, a percent of correctly identified hazards for thefirst practice drive (for example, neighborhood) is multiplied 1830 by0.25 or 25% to provide a first drive discount. Next, a percent ofcorrectly identified hazards for the second practice drive (for example,beyond your neighborhood) is multiplied 1831 by 0.25 or 25% to provide asecond drive discount. Next, a percent of correctly identified hazardsfor the third practice drive (for example, downtown) is multiplied 1832by 0.25 or 25% to provide a third drive discount. Finally, a percent ofcorrectly identified hazards for a fourth practice drive (for example,highway) is multiplied 1833 by 0.25 or 25% to provide a fourth drivediscount. The individual drive discounts are then added 1834 to obtain atotal discount. The total discount is that applied 1835 to the autoinsurance premium and the novice driver is so notified.

In alternative embodiments, a passing score may be based on bothcorrectly identified hazards and partially identified hazards.

A further aspect of the invention is to compare Road Aware trainingscores with actual driving data to identify direct correlations betweencorrectly identified Road Aware hazards and actual safe driving bynovice drivers. When large numbers of novice drivers have completed RoadAware, the scores may be compiled and analyzed. Driving records forthese novice drivers may also be compiled and analyzed. To the extentthat the particular Road Aware hazard modules have failed to improvenovice drivers proficiency to identify types of hazards in actualdriving conditions (as evidenced by a relatively higher number of actualaccidents), the Road Aware hazard modules may be improved or multipliedto enhance hazard identification. Comparisons may be drawn acrossdriving environments as well as individual hazards. Thus, the Road Awaretraining modules may be improved over time as more novice driver data iscompiled, such that the system may learn which simulated hazard modulesbest help to teach novice drivers how to avoid accidents in actualdriving conditions.

For the purposes of this disclosure, the term exemplary means exampleonly. Although the disclosed embodiments are described in detail in thepresent disclosure, it should be understood that various changes,substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments withoutdeparting from their spirit and scope.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for determining an insurance premiumbased at least in part of a vehicle driver's proficiency at detectinghazards, the method comprising: visually presenting at least one drivingmodule that comprises at least one hazard; recording where within thevisual presentation the driver looks to detect hazards during the visualpresentation; determining the driver's hazard detection proficiency byevaluating whether the driver looked at hazards during the visualpresentation; and calculating an insurance premium based at least inpart on the driver's hazard detection proficiency.
 2. The method fordetermining an insurance premium as claimed in claim 1, wherein thevisually presenting comprises a continuous drive through a drivingenvironment comprised of at least two hazard modules, wherein eachhazard module presents at least one driving scenario that comprises atleast one hazard.
 3. The method for determining an insurance premium asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the visually presenting comprises presentingat least one driving environment selected from: neighborhood, beyondyour neighborhood, downtown, and highway.
 4. The method for determiningan insurance premium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recording wherewithin the visual presentation the driver looks to detect hazardscomprises recording whether the driver timely looks to detect a hazardsufficiently in advance of a point of impact.
 5. The method fordetermining an insurance premium as claimed in claim 1, wherein thedetermining the driver's hazard detection proficiency comprisesevaluating whether the driver has detected a minimum percentage of thetotal number of hazards in the visual presentation.
 6. The method fordetermining an insurance premium as claimed in claim 1, wherein thevisually presenting comprises at least two continuous drives eachthrough different driving environments, wherein the determining thedriver's hazard detection proficiency comprises determining whether thedriver has detected a minimum percentage of hazards in each of the atleast two continuous drives.
 7. The method for determining an insurancepremium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculating comprisesmultiplying a total insurance discount by the percent of correctlydetected hazards.
 8. The method for determining an insurance premium asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the visually presenting comprises presentinga plurality of hazard modules in a sequential order the first time thecontinuous drive is visually presented to the driver, and presenting theplurality of hazard modules in a different sequential order the secondtime the continuous drive is visually presented to the driver.
 9. Themethod for determining an insurance premium as claimed in claim 1,wherein the recording where within the visual presentation the driverlooks to detect hazards comprises detecting mouse clicks within targetboxes, wherein the target boxes coincide with the hazards in the visualpresentation.
 10. The method for determining an insurance premium asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the recording where within the visualpresentation the driver looks to detect hazards comprises detectingdriver eye fixation on hazards in the visual presentation.
 11. Themethod for determining an insurance premium as claimed in claim 1,further comprising reviewing the continuous drive comprising: replayingthe visual presentation; indicating hazards that the driver detectedduring the replay of the visual presentation; and indicating hazardsthat the driver failed to detect during the replay of the visualpresentation.
 12. The method for determining an insurance premium asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one minimum hazard detectionproficiency criteria comprises a minimum percentage of the total numberof hazards in the visual presentation.
 13. The method for determining aninsurance premium as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one minimumhazard detection proficiency criteria comprises one detected hazard andthe comparison of the determined hazard detection proficiency of theuser with the minimum hazard detection proficiency criteria comprisesmultiplying a total insurance discount by the percent of detectedhazards.